Hall's theory of recapitulation says that every person goes through changes in the psychic and somatic senses which follow the evolution scale of the body and mind. When commenting on Adolescence to another noted psychologist, Thorndike said that Hall's magnum opus was "chock full of errors, masturbation, and Jesus. [11], Much of the mark that Hall left behind was from his expansion of psychology as a field in the United States. His most influential work, "Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education" in 1904 [23] suggested that each individual's life course recapitulated humanity's evolution from "savagery" to "civilization". G. Stanley Hall and the Child Study Movement G. Stanley Hall and the Child Study Movement Chapter: (p.31) Chapter 2 G. Stanley Hall and the Child Study Movement Source: Science in the Service of Children, 1893-1935 Author(s): Alice Boardman Smuts Publisher: Yale University Press Though the biological theories Hall adopted had long been discredited, the last decade of the twentieth century witnessed a reappraisal of Hall's contribution to the developmental sciences. Cairns, Robert B. The Journal of Education, 58(4,1438), 83-83. [14], Hall was one of the founding members and a vice President of the American Society for Psychical Research. Open discussion and critical opinions were not to be tolerated. He was also responsible for inviting Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung to visit and deliver a lecture series in 1909 at the Clark Conference. Hall believed that curricula should be attuned to sequentially emerging children's needs that reflect the evolutional history of humankind. [19] Hall and his assistant Amy Tanner from Clark University were notable debunkers of spiritualism and carried out psychological and physiological tests on mediums. Hall was, from his student days to his death, interested in philosophy, psychology, education and religion in every one of their aspects which did not involve detailed experimentation, intricate quantitative treatment of results, or rigor and subtlety of analysis. He also founded a library department for religious psychology.[30]. and its Licensors He was an American psychologist in the field of adolescence and an educator. He went on to describe this time of adolescence as a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings. He characterized pre-adolescent children as savages and therefore rationalized that reasoning was a waste of time with children. Hall would later teach religious psychology at Johns Hopkins and Clark School of Religious Psychology. [13], Hall published his book on aging, Senescence, in 1922. Senescence: The Last Half of Life. They were married September of 1879 and produced two children. Hall believed in the perfectibility of humankind; thus adolescents' adaptability might provide the jumping-off point for the fulfillment of human potential and evolutionary advancement. While he attended Williston Seminary School, he joined the college church and instructed adult bible classes. Hall attended Williston Seminary and graduated from Williams College in 1867, then studied at the Union Theological Seminary. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Ross, Dorothy G. Stanley Hall: The Psychologist as Prophet. Senescence: The Last Half of Life. Ego integrity versus despair is the eighth and final stage of Erik Erikson’s stage theory of psychosocial development. Dixon, Roger A., and Richard M. Lerner. Senescence: The last half of life. By that time he had been involved in educational theory and practices that were based on progressivism and ancestral recapitulation theory proposed by German biologist Ernst Haeckel. Gerontology also promotes that a person’s state of mind greatly affects the way we age and adapt as we do so. In the conclusion of the book, Hall expressed a tangible sense of personal anger against this form of discrimination. [12] Hall viewed civilization in a similar fashion he viewed biological development. His most direct influence in shaping our view of humankind came from his theories about adolescence. Hall identified this developmental stage as occurring between the ages of 14 and 24. When commenting on Adolescence to another noted psychologist, Thorndike said that Hall's magnum opus was "chock full of errors, masturbation, and Jesus. This is similar to one of Eric Erickson life stages, which is Ego Integrity vs. Among his creations were the widely respected American Journal of Psychology and the American Psychological Association. Hall, G. S. (1917b). The World War II Liberty Ship SS Granville S. Hall was named in his honor. He endeavors to reduce all possible expressions or trends which he finds in Jesus and his followers to their genetic origins, and with that aid in comparative psychology, especially the knowledge of anthropology and childhood tendencies, he points out here and there certain universal trends which are at the bottom of it all. Relational aggression relates to gossiping, rumor spreading, and exclusions of others. [citation needed] Hall claimed that psychoanalytic treatment would "destroy" this religious "morality" during the process of analysis (p. 13). In its three aspects, recent evidence supports storm and stress, but only when modified to take into account individual differences and cultural variations. Thorne, B. Michael & Henley, Tracy B. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. His theory was on child development and he based it on growing children would recapitulate evolutionary stages of development as they grew up, and that it was damaging to push a child ahead of their development stage. [11] Hall believed that men and women should be separated into their own schools during puberty because it allowed them to be able to grow within their own gender. In his book Adolescence, which was based on the results of the child-study movement, Hall described his system of psychology (which he called "genetic psychology") and the evolutionary benefits of development from the womb to adolescence. In this 2-volume study, based on the idea that child development recapitulates human evolution, Hall took on a variety of issues and synthesized scholarship from a wide range of disciplines. These ideas prompted Hall to examine aspects of childhood development in order to learn about the inheritance of behavior. Hall thoroughly discussed all that is written about Christ, and the probable mental mechanisms of Christ and all of those who believed in him and wrote about him. 1 & 2). A firm believer in selective breeding and forced sterilization, he believed that any respect or charity toward those he viewed as physically, emotionally, or intellectually weak or "defective" simply interfered with the movement of natural selection toward the development of a super-race. Hall expressed openly eugenic views in many of his writings. Hall could "put on a party", as he did with the extraordinary celebrations in 1899 and 1909, on the occasions of the 10th and 20th anniversaries of the opening of Clark University. He was exposed to Christianity by his pious mother as a child.

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