Mária Dudás, 93, a retired teacher from Bernecebaráti, Hungary, has fond memories of her trips to Balaton which stretch right back to the beginning of the communist era. This morphed into a language department at the factory, and after his return from three years’ work in the United States, he developed it into a privately owned English language school, one of the largest in Budapest. The whole thing was so organized, you would be surprised.". Discursive Table of Contents: Family background and education—Work—Travel during Communism—Economic and cultural life under Communism—The Change of 1989—Current political attitudes in Hungary—Sense of security during Communism and now—Hungarian traditions and Communism. Discursive Table of Contents: Family history—1956 and aftermath—education, college graduation competition prize—airline work, travel, smuggling—arrest, punishment—work and travel in 1980s—private enterprise, beginnings and development. There he acquired language skills, and after graduation he taught English at a workers’ club in a factory in Csesed. Discursive Table of Contents: Family’s Judaism, Zionism and trip to Palestine—Parents’ Communism, father’s deportation to camp and escape—Mother’s work in anti-Nazi underground—Upbringing in ignorance of Jewish heritage—Discovery of Jewish heritage, meaning to Katalin—Marriage to non-Jew, travel as a student before marriage—Editorial work, PhD, children, travel to Germany and USA—Father’s suicide, discovery of Jewish music and Holocaust history—Jewish practices in USA, Jewish secrecy during Communism—Children and Judaism, political divisions in Hungary today. Hungary was the most reform-minded Communist state in Eastern Europe and so its revolution was the least dramatic. It was all he knew up until the regime change in 1989. Hungary was under Communism from 1949 to 1989. After 1981 he worked in the Hungarian Ministry of Culture and taught 20th-century English literature part-time at the university. She had several administrative jobs with different businesses, finally working for Hungarian Lightmetal in Szekesfehervar, which was bought by Alcoa. He discusses many aspects of life under Communism and life now in Slovakia and Hungary. Janos Kovacs was born to a Hungarian family living in Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Although his parents were long-time Communist Party members, he became disillusioned with Communist “democracy” in secondary school, and he planned to become a literature teacher and work independent of the political situation. Elections were duly held in two rounds in March and April 1990, resulting in a major victory for a right-centre Hungarian Democratic Forum-led coalition that included the Smallholders and the Christian Democrats and which took nearly three-fifths of the seats in Parliament. Pal was allowed to attend the university because of his high academic achievements; he subsequently went to medical school and became a rheumatologist and later a Ph.D. During the Kadar regime, he organized a scientific society that arranged international medical meetings for Hungarian doctors who were otherwise not permitted to travel, enabling them to exchange scientific information with doctors of other countries. Odon Orzsik is a pediatric cardiologist practicing in Slovakia and Hungary. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. She taught briefly and then became a translator at the Yugoslavian Embassy trade office. If you would like more information regarding this oral history project, or you are a Hungarian who lived in Hungary during this period and are interested in being interviewed, please contact Virginia Major Thomas. 1957) The leader of this coalition, Viktor Orbán, moved to strengthen the position of prime minister. He went to a high school that trained students for the catering trade, but he worked only one year in that field before starting a small trucking business. Mesi has many insights into both the political mood of Hungary under the Communist regime and now, after the spring 2010 elections, and into the different cultural situations under the two types of government. From the 1950s through to the 1980s, Lake Balaton was also extremely popular with German families and friends divided by the Berlin Wall. Wine, food, culture," he says. She attributes her sense of freedom not to Kadar but to the influence of her family which was large (eight children), democratic, deeply religious (Roman Catholic), and skeptical of political propaganda. Although she belonged to the middle class, the daughter of teachers, Zsuzsa Eastland was admitted automatically to the university in 1963 because she was rated one of the ten best students of the Russian language in Hungary. At the same time, he undid many of the Hungarian Democratic Forum’s cultural policies that had been designed to take Hungary in the direction of traditional patriotism. She barely escaped deportation from Budapest in 1951. Now, with the world gripped by the coronavirus pandemic, this large lake in western Hungary has once again become a popular holiday spot for people from all over Europe. He comes from the Polanyi family of prominent Hungarian intellectuals (Karoly Polanyi and Michael Polanyi were greatuncles). Her father, Dr. Andor von Wodianer, was a lawyer. 1/23/1953) Dunafoldvar was in a critical location because of its bridge across the Danube, the river crossing between the south border of Hungary and Budapest. The collection has been partly financed by grants from the American-Hungarian Foundation. He became cultural attaché in London, but with a change in the Hungarian government his position was threatened. After four years at the university but before writing his thesis, he went to England, where he learned English and studied at the university. Discursive Table of Contents: Family, education during World War II—Siege of Budapest 1944, capture by Russians, escape—Work as glazier, medical education—Marriage, 1956, choosing to remain in Hungary—Professional meeting in Washington and Sao Paulo—Changes after 1989. Castles Burning. New York: Touchstone, 1997. "State-sponsored companies had built those typical concrete blockhouses and resort complexes that still stand witness to the communist era. Lajos Veraszto grew up in Kardoskut, one of seven children of a poor farmer whose ingenuity in acquiring a threshing machine led to Communist condemnation of him as a kulak. Schopflin, George. " He grew up in Horthy-era Budapest, escaped in a Swiss safe house there the Arrow Cross killing of Jews, and after the Russian army entered the city he fled and by chance ended up in Szeged. As a consequence of the difficulties it faced and the problems it failed to tackle, the ruling coalition’s popularity waned after four years in power, and, in elections in 1994, the ex-communist Socialist Party captured 54 percent of the seats in Parliament. After the fall of Communism, he served in the Ministry of Welfare of the Hungarian government, from 1993 to 1994 and from 2001 to 2002. Days on the beach were followed by dinner and socializing in the evenings. His family was part of the Hungarian minority stranded there by the Trianon Treaty at the end of World War I, which moved national borders and left three-fifths of the Hungarian population living in other countries. In elections in 2006, the Gyurcsány-led Socialist–Free Democrats coalition became the first government to win consecutive terms since the end of the communist era. He comes from an assimilated Jewish family; his parents were middle-class Communist Party members with no deep ideological commitment to Communism. A visit to Balaton was an annual treat for many in Hungary. He discusses, among other subjects, the current political and economic situation in Hungary and various social issues such as the “Gypsy problem.”, Discursive Table of Contents: Family background and childhood—Education—Communists in his village—View of Trianon Treaty—Career as computer expert—Work in finance— U.S.A.—Work at English language school in Budapest—Current Hungarian politics and economics—Army service in Hungary—Gypsies in Hungary. 1950) Later, he got a degree in economics; he worked in banking and in the Ministry of Finance as a consultant, a position he enjoyed. Her father’s background was that of an assimilated Jew; her mother came from an Orthodox family, and her maternal aunts and uncles belonged to a Zionist youth organization, Hashomer Hacair, and had spent some time in Palestine. The freshwater oasis is home to a picturesque 197-kilometer shoreline with public and private beaches, underwater cave galleries, volcanic hills, ancient fortresses and even a villa named after Fidel Castro. 3/11/54) He is one of three partners in an English language school whose finances he directs. Because they are intended to present personal experiences and responses, the interviews are not scripted. Its popularity in recent years has skyrocketed, earning itself the nickname "The Hamptons of Hungary," a nod to the summer retreats on Long Island favored by wealthy New Yorkers. Discursive Table of Contents: Family background and education—The 1956 Revolution—Various jobs and traveling—Life under Communism—Break with Communism—Work since 1989—Discussion of contemporary Hungary. In a few cases, when the name of a person or place was not understandable on the tape and the interviewee, when editing, did not provide it, it has been omitted from the transcription. Agota Pavlovics (b. 10/3/1938) [Transcript in Progress] He says that there are plenty of good times to be had at the lake today and parties are plenty, a standout being the Balaton Sound music festival. Odon Orzsik (b. Szilágyi's son Peter, with his tongue out, enjoys the Balaton Sound festival with friends. Gabor Erdelyi is the son of a lawyer, later a judge, whom the Communist government tried to involve in the show trial of Laszlo Rajk and imprisoned when they couldn’t achieve their objective. But her father was shot by the Arrow Cross and her brother taken away an unknown fate.

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