Encyclopedia.com. He is famous for his operas which were written in a new and exciting way. ." . Gluck and Calzabigi collaborated on three operas. ed. His father was a forester. Christoph Willibald Gluck was born of German-Bohemian stock on July 2, 1714, at Erasbach in the Upper Palatinate. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. Encyclopedia.com. In 1741 Gluck's first opera, Artaserse, after a libretto by Pietro Metastasio, was produced. Christoph Willibald Gluck, Ritter (knight) Von Gluck, (born July 2, 1714, Erasbach, near Berching, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria [Germany]—died Nov. 15, 1787, Vienna, Austria), German classical composer, best known for his operas, including Orfeo ed Euridice (1762), Alceste (1767), Paride ed Elena (1770), Iphigénie en Aulide (1774), the French version of Orfeo (1774), and Iphigénie en Tauride (1779). Gluck came under the influence of the Italian dramatist and man of letters Ranieri Calzabigi, active in Vienna as court poet following Metastasio's long, brilliant career. The Italian composer Pietro Cesti (1623-1669), also called Marc' Antonio Cesti, was the most cosmopolitan representative of the Venetian…, Pietro Francesco Cavalli There was, finally, no rule which I did not gladly violate for the sake of the intended effect" (Dedicatory Letter, Alceste, 1769). Both London operas include much music revised from earlier works, as would remain Gluck's custom throughout his career (and, indeed, it was standard practice for Italian opera composers to borrow from works of their own heard only elsewhere and, often at the behest of singers, to include music of others in their scores). . After a short stay in Vienna in 1736, Gluck went to Milan, where he was in the employ of the Melzi family from 1737 to 1739. On Dec. 26, 1741, in the Teatro Ducal in Milan, Gluck had his first great dramatic success with his first opera, Artaserse, to a libretto by P. Metastasio. Giacomo Puccini was the last of Italy’s great opera composers, a lineage that began in the seventeenth century with Claudio…, Lully, Jean-Baptiste His operas represent an end to the older style of the opera seria and the beginning of the modern music drama. Lesure, François, ed. See also Lully, Jean-Baptiste ; Music ; Opera ; Vienna . Lully, who came to epitomize both the French Baroque musical style and its musical scene, wa…, Bononcini, Giovanni He was active in Vienna, traveled extensively to serve his various patrons, and produced one or two new operas a year. His father, Alexander Gluck, had moved to Erasbach as a ranger in 1711–12; the family then moved to Reichstadt near Böhmisch-Leipa in Bohemia. Gluck was very conscious of the precise role music was to play in the theater. In many of the arias, tuneful melody and programmatic writing foreshadow later developments in Gluck’s operatic style: in, for instance, the first examples of complex scene development in L’Île de Merlin and L’Ivrogne corrigé. Copyright 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved. People will see it as Author Name with your public flash cards. Du Roullet's drama proved to be the means which brought Gluck to France. François du Roullet, attaché to the French embassy in Vienna, wrote a libretto for Gluck, but in the French style, based on Racine's famous drama Iphigénie en Aulide. By early 1748 at the latest, Gluck was back in Vienna, at work on Pietro Metastasio’s Semiramide riconosciuta, with which, on May 14, 1748, the Burgtheater was inaugurated. In performance, acting by the soloists, including their gestures, became more "natural"; the first Orfeo, the castrato Gaetano Guadagni, had studied with Garrick, and the music historian Charles Burney later recounted that Gluck himself told him that he had insisted on numerous repetitions during rehearsals until all aspects of the performance met his standards. Edited by Rudolf Gerber, et al. Significantly, the librettist for both was Raniero Calzabigi, an Italian familiar with French theatrical and operatic dramaturgy and probably the anonymous critic of the Metastasian model (Lettre sur le méchanisme de l'opéra italien, 1756). Sämtliche Werke. By 1748 Gluck was back in Vienna, where the court commissioned him to compose the music for Metastasio's La semiramide riconnosciuta to celebrate the birthday of Empress Maria Theresa. The reform operas were intended to demonstrate the possibilities the music theater held for the presentation of great, sublime ideas, and Gluck's efforts must be considered a success. Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) was an Austrian composer and opera reformer. 30 Sep. 2020 . Retrieved September 30, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/gluck-christoph-willibald-von. After a short stay in Vienna in 1736, Gluck went to Milan, where he was in the employ of the Melzi family from 1737 to 1739. . ." Orfeo/Orphée (often in various hybrid versions) and his French tragédies lyriques were an important legacy. World Encyclopedia. Their first collaboration was Orfeo ed Euridice, produced in Vienna in 1762. Christoph Willibald Gluck was born of German-Bohemian stock on July 2, 1714, at Erasbach in the Upper Palatinate. The French version of Gluck's Alceste was mounted at the Paris Opéra in 1776, and Armide was presented in 1777. . New York, 2003. Vanneschi, glorified the hero of the day, the Duke of Cumberland, after his victory at Culloden over the forces of Prince Charles Edward, the Stuart claimant to the British throne. Probably six trio sonatas, each consisting of two movements with a minuet as conclusion and printed in London in 1746, were the fruits of his studies with Sammartini in Milan. Two years later he married Maria Anna Bergin, whose dowry and personal wealth gave him financial stability. It was largely due to Calzabigi's and Gluck's efforts that a general reexamination of the condition of the musical theater in the mid-18th century resulted in a series of masterpieces. Four years later his first Italian opera, Artaserse, to a libretto by Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782), had its premiere. Gluck came under the influence of the Italian dramatist and man of letters Ranieri Calzabigi, active in Vienna as court poet following Metastasio's long, brilliant career. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Christoph Willibald Gluck: A Guide to Research. Querelle des Gluckistes et des Piccinnistes. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gluck-christoph-willibald-von, "Gluck, Christoph Willibald von In 1773 he agreed to compose several French operas and moved to Paris at the instigation of his former pupil, Marie Antoinette, to supervise the productions. (September 30, 2020). On March 25, shortly after the production of Artamene, Handel and Gluck together gave a concert in the Haymarket Theatre consisting of works by Gluck and an organ concerto by Handel, played by the composer. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. ed., 1 vol., 1965). The reform operas were intended to demonstrate the possibilities the music theater held for the presentation of great, sublime ideas, and Gluck's efforts must be considered a success. ." In 1770 Gluck was at the height of his fame. Neither opera met with success. See also Joseph Kerman, Opera as Drama (1956). Gluck gave the scores of Le Cadi dupé and La Rencontre imprévue particular charm by using “oriental” instrumental effects. ." In 1726, according to some sources, Gluck was sent to a Jesuit college where he received formal music lessons as part of his education. For the next dozen years he followed a career path typical of moderately successful composers of Italian opera. Because he was busy with Viennese projects and because travel was hindered by the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) and its aftermath, Gluck seldom ventured elsewhere during this period. Between 1722 and 1727 they lived near Böhmisch-Kamnitz and after this, until 1736, in Eisenberg (near Komotau), where Alexander Gluck held the post of master forester to Prince Philipp Hyazinth von Lobkowitz. The operas are discussed in depth by Donald J. Grout, A Short History of Opera (2 vols., 1947; rev. 2nd ed. His operas represent an end to the older style of the opera seria and the beginning of the modern music drama. ." He went to Vienna in the winter of 1735–36. Calzabigi … At the age of 19 he enrolled in the university in Prague, where he was also actively engaged in musical activities. 1964). During his lifetime there were many imitators and disciples, especially in France. Music: History, Composers, and Performers: Biographies, Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. 1936; rev. The perfection of Gluck's operatic vision haunted the imaginations of composers as diverse as Hector Berlioz and Richard Wagner a century later. At the age of 19 he enrolled in the university in Prague, where he was also actively engaged in musical activities. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. In these early works, of which mostly only fragments have survived, Gluck largely followed the existing Italian operatic fashion—melodic but never grand, charming without intensity. On Sept. 15, 1750, he married Marianne in the Church of St. Ulrich in Vienna. Alceste, in addition, broke with tradition in omitting castrati from the soloists' ranks (original version). "Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ritter von." During the following two winters Gluck was in Prague, where he wrote Ezio (1750) and Issipile (1751–52). Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Encyclopedia of World Biography. (September 30, 2020). As several of the innovations were inspired by the model of the French tragédie and the tragédie lyrique, Gluck decided to try to conquer Paris, then the cultural capital of Europe. Of these the most MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "Gluck, Christoph Willibald von He retired from public life that year and returned to Vienna, where, following a stroke, he died on Nov. 15, 1787. Gluck, Christoph Willibald Von (1714–1787) ." During his lifetime there were many imitators and disciples, especially in France. Three years later Paride ed Elena, their last collaboration, was produced in Vienna. 30 Sep. 2020 . The French version of Gluck's Alceste was mounted at the Paris Opéra in 1776, and Armide was presented in 1777. Geneva, 1984. During the next 20 years Gluck pursued the career of the typical 18th-century opera composer. In 1741 Gluck's first opera, Artaserse, after a libretto by Pietro Metastasio, was produced. In 1775, as an act of homage to the memory of Jean Baptiste Lully and as a diplomatic gesture to French sensitivities, Gluck undertook to compose an opera based on Philippe Quinault's drama Armide, which had already been composed by Lully. Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Brown, Bruce Alan, and Julian Rushton. He was knighted in 1756. At this time he studied with the composer Giovanni Battista Sammartini. In these Parisian comedies the dialogue was spoken or sung in the manner of street songs, so-called timbres. After having divided his time between Paris and Vienna for six years, Gluck returned to the Austrian capital for good in 1779. The first of his two works written for production there, La caduta de' giganti, contains clear allusions to the current political situation in forecasting allegorically the suppression of the Jacobite rebellion. Emeritus Professor of Musicology, University of Salzburg, Austria. Composer in Vienna, in 1737 he accepted employment christoph willibald gluck interesting facts a violinist in Prince Melzi 's service in Milan (., michael KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE `` Gluck, Christoph Willibald von Gluck izvanredan je skladatelj koji je u. His French tragédies lyriques were an important legacy Salieri and Viennese opera age of 19 enrolled. 1741 Gluck 's `` reform '' of the Early modern World: of... 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