[152], In addition, individual Viennese districts have international partnerships all over the world. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. There was a lack of airfields in the Western sectors, and authorities drafted contingency plans to deal with such a blockade. As in Berlin, Vienna in September 1945 was divided into sectors by the four powers: the US, the UK, France, and the Soviet Union and supervised by an Allied Commission. In 1890 it was decided to integrate 33 suburbs (called Vororte) beyond that wall into Vienna by 1 January 1892[84] and transform them into districts no. Viennese cafés claim to have invented the process of filtering coffee from booty captured after the second Turkish siege in 1683. From 1850 to 1890, city limits in the West and the South mainly followed another wall called Linienwall at which a road toll called the Liniengeld was charged. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. Occupied Vienna is also depicted in the 1991 Philip Kerr novel, A German Requiem. It is available in almost every restaurant that serves Viennese cuisine and can be eaten hot or cold. The station is served by 1,100 trains with 145,000 passengers. The Haus der Musik ("house of music") opened in the year 2000. In 2001, the city center was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [92] The number of international businesses in Vienna is still growing: In 2014 159 and in 2015 175 international firms established offices in Vienna. [91] Companies in Vienna have extensive contacts and competences in business with Eastern Europe due to the city's historical role as center of the Habsburg Empire. [25] For ten consecutive years (2009–2019), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual "Quality of Living" survey of hundreds of cities around the world. 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Outside this wall from 1873 onwards a ring road called Gürtel was built. Vienna was also where the European Handball Federation (EHF) was founded. [85] In 1900, district no. (In Berlin, the Western powers had introduced a new currency in early 1948 to economically freeze out the Soviets.) 2 to 8, after 1861 with the separation of Margareten from Wieden no. Industry and commerce have a share of 14.5% in gross value added, the primary sector (agriculture) has a share of 0.07% and therefore plays a minor role in the local added value. [125], The Mori Memorial Institute for Urban Strategies ranked Vienna in the top ten of their Global Power City Index 2016. [124], US climate strategist Boyd Cohen placed Vienna first in his first global smart cities ranking of 2012. Here, the Soviet forces controlled districts 2, 4, 10, 20, 21, and 22 and all areas incorporated into Vienna in 1938. Mustard is the traditional condiment and usually offered in two varieties: "süß" (sweet) or "scharf" (spicy). Eleven major ethno-language groups were scattered across the empire: Germans, Hungarians, Polish, Czech, Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovene, Croatians, Serbs, Italians and Romanians. Among the biggest IT firms in Vienna are Kapsch, Beko Engineering & Informatics, air traffic control experts Frequentis, Cisco Systems Austria, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft Austria, IBM Austria and Samsung Electronics Austria. [citation needed] These coffee houses are unique to Vienna and many cities have unsuccessfully sought to copy them. [67], Based on information provided to city officials by various religious organizations about their membership, Vienna's Statistical Yearbook 2019 reports in 2018 an estimated 610,269 Roman Catholics, or 32.3% of the population, and 195,000 (10.3%) Muslims, 70,298 (3.7%) Orthodox, 57,502 (3.0%) other Christians, and 9,504 (0.5%) other religions. Irish Benedictines founded twelfth-century monastic settlements; evidence of these ties persists in the form of Vienna's great Schottenstift monastery (Scots Abbey), once home to many Irish monks. Vienna's second and twentieth districts are located between the Donaukanal and the Danube. The city functioned as a center of classical music, for which the title of the First Viennese School (Haydn/Mozart/Beethoven) is sometimes applied. The Vienna Life Science Cluster is Austria's major hub for life science research, education and business. The two capitals of Austria - Hungary were Budapest and which other city? [61], By 2001, 16% of people living in Austria had nationalities other than Austrian, nearly half of whom were from former Yugoslavia;[62][63] the next most numerous nationalities in Vienna were Turks (39,000; 2.5%), Poles (13,600; 0.9%) and Germans (12,700; 0.8%). Former suburbs were incorporated, and the city of Vienna grew dramatically. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. [127] Construction began in June 2007 and was due to last until December 2015. The Innere Stadt is situated away from the main flow of the Danube, but is bounded by the Donaukanal ("Danube canal"). [59] Around the start of the 20th century, Vienna was the city with the second-largest Czech population in the world (after Prague). The city is the political, administrative, industrial, and commercial centre of Hungary. The Secession building, Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station, and the Kirche am Steinhof by Otto Wagner rank among the best known examples of Art Nouveau in the world. [142] In recent years, linguistics experts have seen a decline in the use of the Viennese variant. Art and culture had a long tradition in Vienna, including theater, opera, classical music and fine arts. In exchange they required that Austria declare its permanent neutrality after the allied powers had left the country. That year, after years of reconstruction and restoration, the State Opera and the Burgtheater, both on the Ringstraße, reopened to the public. [65] According to UN-Habitat, Vienna could be the fastest growing city out of 17 European metropolitan areas until 2025 with an increase of 4.65% of its population, compared to 2010. In the ensuing days, Viennese Jews were harassed, their homes were looted, and they were progressively deported and murdered. It houses the Museum of Modern Art, commonly known as the MUMOK (Ludwig Foundation), the Leopold Museum (featuring the largest collection of paintings in the world by Egon Schiele, as well as works by the Vienna Secession, Viennese Modernism and Austrian Expressionism), the AzW (museum of architecture), additional halls with feature exhibitions, and the Tanzquartier. In May 2015, Vienna hosted the Eurovision Song Contest following Austria's victory in the 2014 contest. [107][108], The US technology corporation Cisco runs its Entrepreneurs in Residence program for Europe in Vienna in cooperation with the Vienna Business Agency. After World War II, the Soviets used force to repatriate key workers of Czech, Slovak and Hungarian origins to return to their ethnic homelands to further the Soviet bloc economy. [118] In the 2015 liveability report by the Economist Intelligence Unit as well as in the Quality of Life Survey 2015 of London-based Monocle magazine Vienna was equally ranked second most livable city worldwide. The Naschmarkt is a permanent market for fruit, vegetables, spices, fish, meat, etc., from around the world. In 1938, after a triumphant entry into Austria, Austrian-born Adolf Hitler spoke to the Austrian Germans from the balcony of the Neue Burg, a part of the Hofburg at the Heldenplatz. Vienna, along with Paris, Santiago, Cape Town, Prague, Canberra, Bratislava and Warsaw, is one of the few remaining world capital cities with its own vineyards. During the period of the First Republic (1918–1934), the Vienna Social Democrats undertook many social reforms. [84] Since then Vienna has had 23 districts. 11 to 19 (district no. It had the third most people (after Russia and the German Empire). The city is administered by a multitude of departments (Magistratsabteilungen), politically supervised by amtsführende Stadträte (members of the city government leading offices; according to the Vienna constitution opposition parties have the right to designate members of the city government not leading offices). Vienna's many churches also draw large crowds, famous of which are St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Deutschordenskirche, the Jesuitenkirche, the Karlskirche, the Peterskirche, Maria am Gestade, the Minoritenkirche, the Ruprechtskirche, the Schottenkirche, St. Ulrich and the Votivkirche.

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